Employee Engagement is often considered to be an important aspect of organizational success. Having a highly engaged workforce can lead to higher productivity and innovative thinking, better customer service, improved collaboration, and quicker adaptation to change. With the importance of employee engagement evident, it can mysteriously be one of the most challenging aspects of the employer-employee relationship to unlock. Although the concept is generally understood by employers, it may be oversimplified at times, and further steps should often be taken to increase the potential of the entire team.
In this blog post, I will explore the nuanced differences between employee engagement and satisfaction, the importance of measuring engagement at various levels, and how meeting individual needs can shape organizational engagement. I will also provide some insight into current trends along with approaches that people leaders can take to increase employee engagement.
Employee Engagement vs. Employee Satisfaction
I’ll start off this blog with a refresher of terminology. Employee engagement can be incorrectly used interchangeably with employee satisfaction. While the concepts are related, they remain distinct from one another. Employee satisfaction is also an important element of a workplace, but it does not encompass the level of emotional or psychological commitment to one’s work or the organization.
Employee satisfaction refers to how content employees are with their job and workplace. It is more related to working conditions, pay, benefits, and work-life balance. Those employees who are considered “satisfied” are generally content with their jobs, but this doesn’t necessarily mean they are “engaged”. In other words, their basic needs are met.
Employee engagement goes beyond satisfaction. It is an emotional and psychological commitment to the organization. Engaged employees are passionate about their work, willing to go above and beyond, are enthusiastic, and can have a higher sense of purpose in their work. Research from Gallup has shown that engaged employees are more productive, more customer-focused, and less likely to leave. They bring innovation, energy, and a positive attitude to their work, which can have a ripple effect throughout the company.
Measuring Engagement
Companywide Surveys
Many organizations use companywide employee engagement surveys to gauge the overall satisfaction and commitment of their workforce. These surveys can provide valuable insights into the general level of engagement and identify broad areas for improvement.
A companywide survey might produce an overall engagement score of 70%. While this seems positive, it may not account for the variations within different teams. Some teams might see a score of 90% engagement, while others are struggling at 50% engagement. It is possible that leadership might miss critical issues that need to be addressed. I am certainly not advocating to abandon companywide engagement surveys, but I do feel that they can be somewhat limiting in understanding motivators for the entire workforce. Still, every company should complete annual surveys along with pulse checks to get a sense of engagement challenges.
Team-Level Insights
Engagement can vary significantly across different teams within the same organization. A team-specific approach can uncover unique opportunities that may be masked in a companywide survey. For example, one team might struggle with leadership issues, while another might have challenges related to workload management. A more effective approach would be to develop customized strategies to address specific issues.
For example, a tech company where the IT department shows high engagement levels due to a supportive manager who encourages innovation and teamwork. In contrast, the sales department might show lower engagement because of unrealistic targets and lack of recognition. Addressing these issues at the department level can lead to significant improvements in overall engagement and performance.
Individual Engagement and Unlocking Potential
Measuring and addressing individual engagement is where we can access, or unlock, that extra effort, commitment, and sense of purpose. Every employee has unique motivators, needs, and challenges. For example, two employees in the same role might have different engagement drivers. One might be motivated by career advancement opportunities, while the other values a sense of belonging, collaboration, and teamwork. When we understand these individual motivators, leaders can adapt to meet each employee’s needs, leading to higher engagement. This approach to engagement can address specific needs, making employees feel valued, heard, and understood.
Feedback Tools
Measuring, and addressing, individual engagement allows leaders to identify issues before they escalate. This is a more effective approach then waiting for the annual companywide engagement survey. Regular check-ins, one-on-one meetings, and pulse surveys (targeted to the individual) can help leaders understand employees’ concerns, needs, and motivators. Proactivity and producing leading indicators may help reduce turnover, and in turn, avoid other compounding issues such as burnout of remaining employees. These tools should be designed to capture insights into each employee’s experiences and feelings about their work.
Regular one-on-one meetings between leaders and employees are critical for understanding individual engagement. These meetings provide a platform for open communication, where employees can discuss their motivators and current challenges. During these meetings, leaders should ask open-ended questions about the employee’s motivations and concerns.
Motivators and Individual Needs
Employees are motivated by different factors, plain and simple. We cannot assume that each individual has the same needs, motivations, and aspirations. This assumption fails to recognize the diversity and complexity of human behavior and experiences. We all come from different backgrounds, have different personal circumstances, and are at various stages in our careers and lives. As an example, a young professional entering the workforce may prioritize learning opportunities and career advancement, while an employee with a family may place more value on job security and work-life balance. As well, our needs and motivations can change over time due to personal growth, changes in our life circumstances, or our evolving goals. Therefore, we cannot make the mistake of assuming that everyone’s underlying needs and motivation structure is the same. When we acknowledge and adapt to the individual differences of our team, we can create a more inclusive, supportive, and productive work environment.
Rethinking the Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has long been a framework for understanding human motivation. I have used this for years and adopted it in a human resources context. I normally apply the hierarchy of needs in the following way:
- Physiological Needs – This translates to providing competitive salaries, a safe working environment, and resources for employees to perform their job.
- Safety Needs – This level is all about benefits such as health and dental coverage, and protection from physical and/or emotional harm.
- Social Needs – We all have needs for social interaction, a sense of belonging, and acceptance. This level is about establishing a sense of collaboration and teamwork and ensuring accessibility of leadership through communication and other means.
- Esteem Needs – This level is related to recognition. We all require, to some degree, recognition for our contributions (but how this is done often can lead to low engagement). As well, respect from our peers and leaders is very important at this level.
- Self-Actualization – At the top of the hierarchy is self-actualization, which is realizing our potential and enjoying personal growth. This can translate into challenging projects and providing opportunities for innovation and demonstrating creativity. I have seen organizations facilitate this by offering mentorship programs, providing space for designing new processes/concepts, and providing access to leadership development programs.
One additional piece that I will point out, and something that certainly requires further exploration, is the often-overlooked origins of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Credible evidence presented by Karen Michel suggests that Maslow found inspiration through his time spent with Indigenous peoples in Alberta and that the theory was significantly influenced by his observations of the Blackfoot people. As part of my own efforts for reconciliation, I thought it would be appropriate to acknowledge the theory’s Indigenous foundations. Maslow’s hierarchy, as commonly depicted, emphasizes individual self-actualization as the peak of human development, whereas the Blackfoot view places self-actualization at the base, leading to community service and cultural perpetuity at higher levels. This Indigenous perspective highlights the values of community inherent in Indigenous knowledge, underscoring the importance of supporting our communities as an essential part of personal growth.
In terms of the structure of our needs, I feel that we should not follow a linear progression, as it is commonly depicted when visualizing the hierarchy of needs (as a pyramid). I feel that this approach often simplifies human motivations into a hierarchy. Alternatively, it should be approached through relational thinking, which recognizes the dynamic nature of our individual needs. Relational thinking recognizes that individual needs are not isolated or static, that they evolve based on our life experiences and our environment. Our need for professional growth, for example, is not just an achievement after our physiological and safety needs are met, but I see it as being continuously influenced by our relationships, environment, and personal circumstances. Our modern understanding of human motivation suggests that our needs are more fluid and can change over time. One other consideration is that our needs can be fulfilled outside of work, and sometimes individuals are at work primarily to meet their basic needs, without seeking more from their job. We should consider all aspects of life, and demonstrating an understanding and respecting that people have diverse motivations and sources of fulfillment can lead to a more inclusive and supportive work environment.
Applying a New Needs Framework
I suggest that we require a more flexible approach to understanding employee needs and that our individual motivation can shift based on various factors, including life stages, career aspirations, and personal circumstances. Therefore, I would advocate that organizations should adopt an approach to employee engagement that offers employees the ability to provide continuous feedback on their changing and evolving needs. As these needs change over time, we can then adapt as leaders and adjust our support accordingly by continuously engaging in conversations with employees to understand their current priorities.
Insights into Current Trends for Employee Engagement
Based on our consulting experience and the insights gathered from engagement surveys, focus groups, and meetings with employees, we have identified several approaches that can significantly increase employee engagement. These approaches, informed by direct employee feedback, are essential for establishing a highly engaged and productive workforce.
Hybrid Work Environments
- The post-pandemic world adds another layer of complexity to employe engagement, as general employee needs have evolved significantly. Remote work (or a hybrid offering), for example, has become a standard expectation. Benefits Canada has highlighted some statistics indicating that many employees now expect a hybrid work environment, reflecting a significant shift in workplace preferences post-COVID.
Flexible Work Arrangements
- Offering flexible work arrangements or flexible hours can cater to individual needs for work-life balance and autonomy. This flexibility can significantly enhance engagement, particularly for employees with caregiving responsibilities or long commutes.
Career Development
- Providing opportunities for career development and growth is a powerful motivator. This can include access to training programs, mentorship, and clear pathways for advancement.
Recognition and Rewards
- Recognizing and rewarding employees for their contributions, such as acknowledgment, awards, and additional responsibilities.
- Some employees might appreciate public recognition during team meetings, while others might prefer a private thank-you. Understanding these preferences can make recognition more impactful and enhance engagement.
Wellness Programs
- An emerging trend is the demand from employees for additional mental health supports through traditional plan design or flexible spending. According to the 2023 Benefits Canada Healthcare Survey, mental health support is near the top of the list. 67% per cent of Canadian benefits plan members used their mental-health benefits in the last year.
- Supporting employees’ physical and mental well-being through wellness programs can address their safety and physiological needs. This can include allowances or health spending accounts, mental health resources, and initiatives promoting a healthy work-life balance.
Team Coaching
- Rapidly emerging as the fastest-growing type of coaching. This is driven by the recognition that effective team dynamics are important for achieving organizational success. Utilizing team engagement practices, such as those outlined in books like The Five Dysfunctions of a Team, emphasizes that building trust is the foundational step toward achieving great results within a team.
The Role of Leaders in Engagement
Despite changes over time to employee needs, one constant remains: employees continue to leave bad leaders. The fundamental impact of leadership on employee engagement has not changed. Employees today are less tolerant of ineffective leadership, prioritizing their well-being and professional growth instead of staying in an organization with poor leadership. This highlights the importance of empathetic and effective leadership in retaining talent.
People & Culture professionals also play an important role in supporting leadership in addressing individual engagement needs. We ensure that leaders have the tools and training necessary to understand and respond to the diverse needs of their teams.
- We can support by providing training on how to recognize and address individual employee needs. This training can include understanding different motivators, conducting effective one-on-one meetings, and creating individual development plans.
- We can organize workshops on emotional intelligence, active listening, and coaching techniques.
- We can implement channels for regular feedback. This includes developing survey tools, setting up feedback channels, and ensuring that data is analyzed and acted upon.
- We can promote values of open communication, inclusivity, and continuous improvement. This can be achieved by organizing employee resource groups or leading diversity training sessions.
Conclusion
Unlocking the full potential of employee engagement requires an understanding of the individual motivators that drive a deeper emotional and psychological commitment to one’s work and organization. Throughout this blog, we’ve explored the differences between employee engagement and satisfaction, the importance of measuring engagement at various levels, and the impact of addressing individual needs. We’ve noted that while companywide surveys provide valuable insights, they must be complemented with team-specific approaches and a focus on individual engagement to truly unlock an employee’s potential.
We have also provided information into the foundations of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and its overlooked Indigenous roots. This perspective encourages a shift from a linear, individualistic approach to a more relational and community-oriented framework. Recognizing and adapting to the dynamic nature of individual needs can lead to a more inclusive, supportive, and productive work environment.
The journey towards employee engagement is continuous and requires ongoing effort, adaptation, and a genuine commitment to understanding and valuing each individual within the organization. By embracing these concepts and approaches, organizations can enjoy a thriving workforce that drives sustained success and innovation.
References
Gallup. (2024). What Is Employee Engagement and How Do You Improve It? Gallup. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/285674/improve-employee-engagement-workplace.aspx
Michel, K.L. (2014). Maslow’s hierarchy connected to Blackfoot beliefs. Online Blog. https://lincolnmichel.wordpress.com/2014/04/19/maslows-hierarchy-connected-to-blackfoot-beliefs/
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-96.
Wittmeyer, M. (2023, June 6). Hybrid work expectations differ between employers, employees. Benefits Canada. https://www.benefitscanada.com/news/bencan/hybrid-work-expectations-differ-between-employers-employees/
Paterson, J. (2024, February 9). How 5 employers are broadening the scope of mental-health support. Benefits Canada. https://www.benefitscanada.com/archives_/benefits-canada-archive/how-5-employers-are-broadening-the-scope-of-mental-health-support/
Lencioni, P. (2002). The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable. Jossey-Bass.
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